• There are pros and cons to any diet you choose for your dog

• Whatever you feed your dog, balance and consistency matter most

• Spaniels can be prone to food allergies – learn the signs

• Portion control and a regular feeding schedule support a healthy weight

• Some everyday foods are toxic to dogs

Getting your spaniel's diet right can feel overwhelming. But good nutrition doesn't have to be complicated. Whether you're welcoming a rescue spaniel into your home or reassessing what's in your dog's bowl, this guide covers the essentials to help you feed your dog with confidence.

There are pros and cons to any diet you choose for your dog

Raw, kibble or home-cooked – which is best? There's no one-size-fits-all. Each approach has its benefits, and the right choice depends on your lifestyle, budget and your spaniel's individual needs – as well as their taste, of course!

Dry kibble is the most widely used option and, when chosen carefully, can provide a complete and balanced diet. Look for foods that meet FEDIAF nutritional guidelines and list a named meat source (such as chicken or salmon) as the first ingredient. Avoid foods with a long list of artificial additives or vague terms like "meat derivatives."

Raw feeding has grown in popularity and involves feeding uncooked meat, bones, offal and sometimes fruit and veg. Advocates point to improvements in coat condition, digestion and energy levels. However, raw feeding requires careful research to ensure nutritional balance. You should also be mindful of hygiene risks such as Salmonella, particularly in homes with young children, elderly people or those who are immunocompromised. If you go raw, source from a reputable supplier, handle food safely and always wash your hands after serving.

Home-cooked diets give you full control over ingredients, which can be helpful for dogs with allergies or sensitivities. The key risk is nutritional imbalance. Home-cooked meals require careful planning and lots of research to ensure you meet all of your dog's needs. If this is your preferred route, work with a veterinary nutritionist to ensure the diet is complete.

Vegan dog food skips animal ingredients entirely. Plenty of brands now offer a variety of balanced vegan diets and many dogs love them. However, there is still limited evidence on the long-term health benefits, so speak to your vet before going fully vegan. Be aware that some ‘plant-based’ dog foods sneak in vitamin D3 from sheep’s wool, so always read the label.

Whichever diet you choose, consistency is important. Frequent changes can upset your spaniel's digestive system, so stick with what works and transition slowly if you do switch. Some dogs may require special diets if they have health conditions such as diabetes or allergies, or to support their joints. Some of these foods can be found in pet shops but others may need a prescription from your vet.

Important: No matter what, your dog should always have constant access to fresh water. 

Whatever you feed your dog, balance and consistency matter most

Dogs need the right balance of protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals to thrive. Protein – from quality meat or fish sources – supports muscle maintenance and is particularly important for active working spaniels. Omega-3 fatty acids (found in oily fish, like salmon and mackerel) support coat health and joint function. Avoid foods that are high in fillers like corn syrup, excessive salt or artificial preservatives. Look for pet foods that comply with UK Pet Food guidelines.

Spaniels can be prone to food allergies – learn the signs

Spaniels can be prone to food allergies and intolerances, and it's worth knowing the signs. Common symptoms include itchy skin (particularly around the paws, ears and belly), recurring ear infections, loose stools or excessive wind.

The most common dietary culprits are beef, dairy, wheat and chicken – though any ingredient can potentially trigger a reaction. If you suspect an allergy, speak to your vet, who may recommend an elimination diet using a novel protein source (such as venison or duck) for 8–12 weeks to identify the trigger. Don't be tempted to guess, proper diagnosis makes a real difference to your spaniel's comfort and long-term health.

Portion control and a regular feeding schedule support a healthy weight

Most adult spaniels do well with two meals a day – morning and evening. This helps regulate blood sugar, supports digestion and reduces the risk of bloating. Puppies need three to four smaller meals daily. Portion sizes vary depending on your spaniel's age, weight, activity level and the food you're using.

Always follow the feeding guide on your chosen food as a starting point, then adjust based on your dog's body condition. While it’s important that your spaniel gets enough nutrients each day, you should also be careful not to overfeed them. Obesity increases your dog’s risk of arthritis, diabetes and heart disease. If you’re not sure what a healthy weight is for your dog, speak to your vet.

Treats count too. They're brilliant for training but can quickly tip the calorie balance. Opt for low-calorie treats like small pieces of carrot, cooked chicken or purpose-made training treats, and factor them into your spaniel's daily food intake.

Some everyday foods are toxic to dogs

Foods to avoid:

• Chocolate– even small amounts can cause vomiting, seizures or death

• Grapes and Raisins – found in fruitcake and festive treats 

• Onion, Garlic, Chives, leeks, scallions or shallots – raw, cooked, or powdered, these damage red blood cells

• Blue Cheese (e.g. Stilton) – contains roquefortine C which can cause vomiting, tremors and seizures in dogs

• Alcohol – even small sips can be life-threatening

• Macadamia Nuts – can cause weakness, vomiting and tremors

• Xylitol – found in sugar-free gum, sweets and some peanut butters

• Caffeine – coffee, tea, energy drinks and supplements can affect the heart and nervous system

• Cooked bones – can splinter

Keep these well out of reach – spaniels are famously food-motivated, and their noses can get them into trouble. If you think your dog has eaten something they shouldn’t, contact your vet immediately.

If you're ever unsure, your vet or a veterinary nutritionist is always the best person to ask. A balanced, nutritious diet is crucial for your spaniel's long-term health and happiness. It doesn't have to be expensive or complicated – it just needs to be consistent, appropriate for your dog's life stage and reviewed as their needs change.